FAQ

An equity share represents the form of ownership. The holder of such a share is a member of the company and has voting rights.

Equity shares are “High-Risk High-Return Investments.” The major distinction of Equity investment from all other investment avenues is that while the return from many avenues such as Bank Deposits, Small Saving schemes, Debentures, Bonds etc are fixed and certain, the earnings from equity investments are highly uncertain and varied. A good scrip picked up at the right time could fetch fairly good returns else the return may be meager or it may even turn negative, i.e. the invested fund itself may be eroded. In short, if the investment in fixed income category instruments is secured and risk-free to a large extent, investment in equities and related fields could be termed as risky.

Dividend is the part of profit distributed by the company among its investors. It is usually declared as a percentage of the paid-up value or face value of the share.

A Share issued by companies to their shareholders free of cost by capitalization of accumulated reserves from the profits earned in the earlier years.

A Bond is a promissory note issued by a company or government to its lenders. A Bond is evidence of debt on which the issuing company usually promises to pay the bondholder a specified amount of interest at intervals over a specified length of time, and to repay the original loan on the expiration date. A bond investor lends money to the issuer and in exchange, the issuer promises to repay the loan amount on a specified maturity date.

It is a Bond issued by a company bearing a fixed rate of interest usually payable half-yearly on specific dates and principal amount repayable on a particular date on redemption of the debentures. Debentures are normally secured / charged against the asset of the company in favor of debenture holder.

A Stock Exchange is a place where the buyer and seller meet to trade in shares in an organized manner. Stock Exchanges in the country are governed by the Securities Contact (Regulation) Act, 1956.

You can buy the shares that are listed on any of the recognized Stock Exchanges.

To be able to buy or sell shares in the stock markets a client would need to be registered with a stock broker like VSE Stock Services Ltd. who holds membership in stock exchanges and who is registered with SEBI.

Yes, you have to sign the KYC, Rights & Obligations, Risk Disclosure Documents, Policies Procedures & other voluntary documents for the purpose of engaging a broker to execute trades on your behalf from time to time and furnish details relating to yourself to enable the member to maintain Client Registration Form.

There are several types of orders that you can dictate to a broker. The most common type, which is a regular buy or sell order, is called a market order. Another type of order is a limit order wherein you ask the broker to trade only if the price reaches a specific level. In a stop order, you tell the broker to sell your shares if the price drops to a certain level to prevent significant loss because if it drops to that level it is likely to drop further and your losses are likely to increase.

Trading can be done via the phone or by coming in person to the office of VSE Stock Services Ltd. or through any other facility provided by VSE Stock Services Ltd. like Internet trading / Mobile Trading. The dealer (employee of VSE Stock Services Ltd. who is supposed to input the investors order into the stock exchange order system) after checking the authenticity of the person calling and after checking the margin available in the account would put/enter the order into the stock exchange system.

When the market goes up it is called a bullish trend and when the market goes down it is called a bearish trend.

When you act upon a stock and buy into it, you are taking a position. A position is an amount of money committed to an investment in anticipation of favorable price movements. There are two kinds of positions: -
i. Long positions are what most people do. When you buy long, that means you are anticipating an upward movement in the price, and that is how you profit. People usually buy stocks at prices expecting to sell them later at higher prices and hence make profits.
ii. Short positions are the tricky ones. When you buy short, you are anticipating a fall in the price and the fall is the source of your profits. The shares will be sold and when the price falls they will be repurchased and given back and the difference is the where the investor profits. Of course, the investor who borrowed the shares carries the risk of not having the price move as anticipated, in which case he may lose money in repurchasing the stocks.

An index is a stock-market indicator created as a statistical measure of the performance of an entire market or segment of a market based on a sample of securities from the market. An index is thus a means to evaluate the overall performance of a market or of a segment of the market. Index measures aggregate market movements. Apart from being a general market indicator, indices are used as a benchmark to evaluate individual portfolio performance. Professional money managers will always try to outperform the market, i.e. they will always try to do better than the indices. For example, if the value of a portfolio moves up by 10% while the index moved up by only 5% then the portfolio is doing better than the market. We have 2 renowned indices viz.

i. BSE Sensitive (BSE Sensex) and ii. Nifty 50 (Nifty)
BSE Sensex comprises of 30 large-cap companies. As the name suggests, it is a premier index on Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE).
Nifty comprises of 50 large-cap companies on the National Stock Exchange (NSE).

The market watch, i.e. the screen kept open normally on the trade screen would show the following columns –
1. Best bid price
2. Best bid quantity
3. Best offer price
4. Best offer quantity
5. Last traded price

The first 2 columns as given above show the available buyers for a particular share in the stock exchange and the next 2 columns show the available sellers, and the fifth column shows the price at which the last trade took place. Hence when a investor wants to buy a share at “market price” ideally the 3rd and the 4th column would depict how many shares one can get at a stipulated price. The client can also put a limit price order which would sit in the order book till it reaches a price time priority when the trade can be executed.

Contract Note is a confirmation of trades done on a particular day on behalf of the client. It establishes a legally enforceable relationship between the client and VSE Stock Services Ltd. with respect to the settlement of the trades. The Contract Note would show settlement number, order number, trade number, time of trade, quantity and price of the trades, brokerage charged, etc and it would be signed by an authorized person of VSE Stock Services Ltd.

Pay-in day is the day when the broker shall make payment or delivery of securities to the exchange. Pay-out day is the day when the exchange makes payment or delivery of securities to the broker.

A depository can be compared to a bank. A depository holds securities (like shares, debentures, bonds, Government Securities, mutual fund units etc.) of investors in electronic form. Besides holding securities, a depository also provides services related to transactions in securities. There are two main depositories in India, namely, a) National Securities Depository Ltd. (NSDL) and b) Central Depository Securities Ltd. (CDSL), both of which are regulated by SEBI. VSE Stock Services Ltd. is a Depository Participant of CDSL and will hold your securities in electronic form.

You can approach VSE Stock Services Ltd. or any DP of your choice and fill up an account opening form. At the time of opening an account, you have to sign a KYC, Rights & Obligations with DP in a prescribed standard format, which details your and your DP’s rights and duties.

Any trade settled through a clearing corporation is termed as a ‘Market Trade’. These trades are done through stock brokers on a stock exchange. ‘Off Market Trade’ is one which is settled directly between two parties without the involvement of a clearing corporation. The same delivery instruction slip can be used either for market trade or off-market trade by ticking one of the two options.

In case of sales, the investor would need to transfer the shares to the pool account of VSE Stock Services Ltd. for the specified settlement number and market type. The delivery should necessarily come from the demat account of the investor and not from any other person. Similarly VSE Stock Services Ltd. would directly transfer shares bought to the account of the investor.

Funds Payin:

Clients can transfer funds into the Trading Account only from such bank accounts which are registered with VSE Stock Services Limited. Any transfer from a non-registered bank account will not be considered and the client does not get any trading limit credit for such transfers.
The client can transfer funds from the instant payment gateway facility available on the trading platform or on the Back Office or deposit cheque in designated bank account of VSE Stock Services Limited.
If the client transfers funds via cheque, the details of the transfer along with a copy of the cheque should be made available to VSE Stock Services Limited for the credit to be updated on the trading account.

Funds Payout:

All payouts will have to be compulsorily placed on the Back office access provided to the clients / Authorised Persons. All payout requests will be processed electronically and the credit shall come to the client’s primary bank account (default bank account) of client within 24 hours of having processed the payout request.
Withdrawal requests for EQ/Currency will be processed at 1:30 PM on working days. If you place a withdrawal request before 1:30 PM, the money will be credited to your account the same day. If you place a withdrawal request after 1:30 PM, it will be processed on the next working day and you will receive the funds in 24 hours.

In a Rolling Settlement trades executed during the day are settled based on the net obligations for the day. In NSE and BSE, the trades pertaining to the rolling settlement are settled on a T+2 day basis where T stands for the trade day. Hence trades executed on a Monday are typically settled on the following Wednesday (considering 2 working days from the trade day). The funds and securities pay-in and pay-out are carried out on T+2 day.

The securities are put up for auction by the Exchange on account of non-delivery of securities by the selling trading member to ensure that the buying trading member receives the securities due to him. The non delivery by the trading member could arise on account of short delivery. The Exchange purchases the requisite quantity in the Auction Market and gives them to the buying trading member.

In case of purchase on your behalf, the member broker has the liberty to close out transactions by selling securities in case you fail to make full payment to the broker for the execution of contract before pay-in day as fixed by Stock Exchange for the concerned settlement period unless you already have an equivalent credit with the broker. The shortages in case of sales are met through auction process and the difference in price indicated in Contract Note and price received through auction is paid by member to the Exchange which is then liable to be recovered from the client. In both the cases any loss in transactions will be deductible from the margin money paid by you.

If the shares could not be bought in the auction i.e. if shares are not offered for sale in the auction, the transactions are closed out as per SEBI guidelines. The guidelines stipulate that “the close out price will be the highest price recorded in that scrip on the exchange in the settlement in which the concerned contract was entered into and up to the date of auction/close out OR 20% above the official closing price on the exchange on the day on which auction offers are called for, whichever is higher.”
Since in the rolling settlement the auction and the close out takes place during trading hours the reference price in the rolling settlement for close out procedures would be taken as the previous day’s closing price.

In case a broker fails to deliver to you in time and make the proper payment of money/shares or you have a complaint against the conduct of the broker, you can file a complaint with the respective stock exchange. The exchange is required to resolve all complaints. To resolve the dispute the complainant can also resort to arbitration as provided on the reverse of Contract Note /Purchase or Sale Note. However, if the complaint is not addressed by the Stock Exchanges or is unduly delayed then the complaints along with supporting documents may be forwarded to Secondary Market Department of SEBI. Your complaint would be followed up with the exchanges for expeditious redressal. In case of a complaint against a sub-broker, for redressal the complaint may be forwarded to the concerned broker with whom the sub broker is affiliated.

An equity share represents the form of ownership. The holder of such a share is a member of the company and has voting rights.
The trading member can charge:
1. Securities Transaction Tax.
2. GST as applicable.
3. Transaction charges levied by NSE, Stamp duty and other charges directly attributable to the transaction.
Note: The brokerage and GST is indicated separately in the contract note.

Exchange prescribes margin rules from time to time, which currently are calculated on the Value at Risk model. Margins are to be paid by the investor before placing the order.

The right to get - Proof of price/brokerage charged, Money/shares on time, Statement of Accounts and Contract Note from trading member.

The obligation to - Sign a proper set of documents as prescribed in KYC form Possess a valid contract or purchase/sale note Deliver securities & make payment on time Provide Margin before trade

Three kinds of accounts are required to be able to trade on-line. They are:

i. Broking account with VSE Stock Services Ltd.
ii. Depository Participant (DP) account with VSE Stock Services Ltd.
iii. Bank account which has developed an interface with “VSE Stock Services Ltd.” i.e. designated banks like HDFC Bank, Axis Bank.

Capital Market enhances capital formation in the economy and comprises of -

i. Primary Market is a place where new offerings by Companies are made either as an Initial Public Offering (IPO) or Rights Issue.
ii.Secondary Market is a market where securities are traded after being initially offered to the public in the Primary Market and/or listed on the Stock Exchange. Majority of trading is done in this market which comprises of equity market and debt market.